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  1. Programming & Data Standards
  2. TLF Overview

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Alpha TRAORE
Senior Statistical Scientist
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  • Statistical Science
    • Scientific Leadership and Positioning
    • Statistical Study Leadership
    • Trial Design, Estimands, and Planning
    • Study Design Overview
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    • Quality, Validation, and Delivery Readiness
    • QC and Validation
  • Programming & Data Standards
    • SDTM
    • SDTM Overview
    • Domains (with Specs)
    • SDTM DM (Demographics)
    • SDTM AE (Adverse Events)
    • SDTM VS (Vital Signs)
    • Submission Package
    • Case Report Forms
    • Outputs
    • Define XML
    • SDRG
    • Build & Quality
    • Programs
    • Validation Summary
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    • ADaM
    • ADaM Overview
    • Domains (with Specs)
    • ADaM ADSL (Subject-Level Analysis Dataset)
    • ADaM ADAE (Adverse Events Analysis Dataset)
    • ADaM ADVS (Vital Signs Analysis Dataset)
    • ADaM ADTTE (Time-to-Event Analysis Dataset)
    • Submission Package
    • Outputs
    • Define
    • ADRG
    • Build Quality
    • Programs
    • Validation
    • QC
    • Standards
    • TLFs
    • TLF Overview
    • Tables
    • Table 1: Demographics
    • Table 2: TEAE by SOC/PT
    • Table 3: Table 3: PFS Summary
    • Table 4: Table 4: ORR
    • Table 5: Heart Rate Change
    • Figures
    • Figure 1: Cumulative Incidence Function (CIF) Plot (PFS)
    • Figure 2: PFS Kaplan–Meier
    • Figure 3: BMI Over Time by Treatment
    • Listings
    • Listing 1: Demographics & Baseline (Analysis Set)
    • Listing 2: TEAEs by SOC/PT
    • Listing 3: ORR

Table of contents

  • What you’ll find here
  • Deliverables
  • What TLFs are
  • Why TLFs matter
  • TLF building blocks
    • 1) Output shells (spec-driven)
    • 2) Analysis inputs (ADaM-first)
    • 3) Programs (reproducible, standardized)
    • 4) Outputs (versioned + auditable)
  • Naming conventions (recommended)
  • Mini examples
    • Example 1 — Table (AE summary)
    • Example 2 — Listing (subject-level detail)
    • Example 3 — Figure (KM plot)
  • Traceability map (end-to-end)
  • Typical TLF workflow
  • Best practices
  • Next in this portfolio
    • Reproducibility + QC
  1. Programming & Data Standards
  2. TLF Overview

TLF Overview

Tables • Listings • Figures — submission-style outputs from ADaM with full traceability

This section contains Tables, Listings, and Figures (TLFs/TLGs) generated from ADaM, with direct links to each output and its source program.

TipGoal of TLFs

TLFs translate analysis-ready ADaM datasets into reviewer-ready outputs (tables, listings, figures) that are SAP-aligned, traceable, and reproducible.

What you’ll find here

  • Indexes for Tables, Listings, and Figures (by output ID)
  • Links to Programs (source code) and Outputs (HTML/PDF/RTF/PNG/WEBP)
  • Notes on populations, denominators, and key rules (baseline, windowing, censoring)
  • A clear traceability trail: Output → Program → ADaM → SDTM → Source

Deliverables

Output shells / specs

  • Shell-driven structure (titles, footnotes, populations, methods)
  • Defines expected layout and analysis rules
  • TLF Shells / Specs

Programs + outputs

  • One program per output (or driver + modular components)
  • Stored outputs with stable naming and reproducible runs
  • Programs
  • Outputs

What TLFs are

TLFs (Tables, Listings, Figures) are the primary analysis deliverables created from ADaM to support: - efficacy and safety endpoints (per SAP) - clinical study reporting and regulatory review - consistent, review-friendly presentation of results

Common examples - Tables: baseline characteristics, AE summaries, disposition, lab shift tables
- Listings: subject-level AE, deaths, protocol deviations, concomitant meds
- Figures: Kaplan–Meier, forest plots, mean profiles, bar/shift plots


Why TLFs matter

  • Decision-making: TLFs are what teams use to interpret outcomes.
  • Regulatory readability: consistent titles/footnotes/populations reduce reviewer friction.
  • Reproducibility: outputs must be regeneratable from ADaM using controlled programs.
  • Traceability: every number should map back to ADaM → SDTM → source.
NoteReviewer mindset

A reviewer should be able to go from Output → Program → ADaM dataset(s) → Define/ADRG with minimal effort.


TLF building blocks

1) Output shells (spec-driven)

Strong TLF production starts with shells that define: - output identifier (e.g., Table 14.1.1) - title/subtitle, footnotes, required populations - analysis methods (counts/percent, summaries, models) - denominators and missing data handling

2) Analysis inputs (ADaM-first)

Most outputs are built directly from: - ADSL (populations, treatment, key dates) - endpoint ADaM datasets (e.g., ADAE, ADLB, ADVS, ADTTE)

3) Programs (reproducible, standardized)

A reviewer-ready output program documents: - datasets used + filters/populations - key parameters (visits, windows, baselines, censoring) - consistent formatting (decimals, ordering, labels, titles/footnotes)

4) Outputs (versioned + auditable)

Outputs are stored with: - stable file names - logs and run metadata - clear link between output and program


Naming conventions (recommended)

Use consistent IDs so everything lines up:

  • Tables: t_14_1_1_*
  • Listings: l_16_2_1_*
  • Figures: f_11_3_1_*

Example pairing: - Output: t_14_1_1_ae_summary.html - Program: t_14_1_1_ae_summary.sas (or .R) - Inputs: ADSL + ADAE


Mini examples

Example 1 — Table (AE summary)

A table summarizing subjects with ≥1 TEAE by treatment arm.

Treatment N Any TEAE n (%) Serious TEAE n (%) TEAE leading to DC n (%)
Drug A 120 64 (53.3) 8 (6.7) 5 (4.2)
Placebo 118 51 (43.2) 6 (5.1) 3 (2.5)

Notes: - Denominator should be SAF unless SAP states otherwise. - TEAE definition (on/after first dose through X days) must match ADRG/SAP.

Example 2 — Listing (subject-level detail)

USUBJID TRT AETERM AEDECOD ASTDT AENDT AESEV AESER AEREL
ABC123-001-1001 Drug A Headache HEADACHE 20JAN2025 21JAN2025 MILD N RELATED

Example 3 — Figure (KM plot)

A KM figure from ADTTE typically includes: - event/censoring rules (CNSR, EVNTDESC) - number at risk - median + CI (if required) - consistent styling and labels


Traceability map (end-to-end)

Source/EDC/CRF → SDTM (tabulations) → ADaM (analysis-ready) → TLFs (outputs)

Examples - AE CRF → SDTM AE → ADAE → AE tables + AE listings
- VS raw → SDTM VS → ADVS → profile plots + shift tables
- Time-to-event → SDTM + ADSL → ADTTE → KM plots + Cox summaries


Typical TLF workflow

  1. Finalize shells (titles, footnotes, populations, methods)
  2. Confirm ADaM readiness (baseline/windowing/censoring rules)
  3. Build output programs (consistent conventions + documentation)
  4. QC outputs (denominators, spot checks, independent verification)
  5. Validate (style + content + rerun reproducibility)
  6. Publish outputs + archive logs + inputs used

Best practices

  • Anchor populations and treatment off ADSL (single source of truth).
  • Centralize formatting rules (decimals, ordering, labels, titles).
  • Keep programs self-documenting (inputs, filters, methods).
  • Store outputs with stable naming (t_, l_, f_) and versioning.
  • Treat ADRG + reproducibility notes as part of the deliverable.

Next in this portfolio

Tables

  • Table Index
  • Programs
  • Outputs

Listings

  • Listing Index
  • Programs
  • Outputs

Figures

  • Figure Index
  • Programs
  • Outputs

Reproducibility + QC

  • TLF Repro Guide
  • QC Checks + Validation Notes
TLFs
Tables

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